VIRTUAL REALITY, DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES AND BRAIN REWIRING TECHNIQUES FOR INTERVENTION IN ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER (ADHD)

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47820/jht.v2i2.37

Keywords:

ADHD, brain rewiring, neuroplasticity, cognitive-behavioral therapy, mindfulness-based interventions, neurofeedback, NLP, clinical hypnosis, exercise, yoga, music therapy, working memory exercises, virtual reality

Abstract

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects cognitive function, behavior, and social interaction. While medication and behavioral therapy are the standard of care for ADHD, complementary and alternative interventions that leverage the brain's neuroplasticity, such as brain rewiring techniques and digital technologies, have emerged. These techniques, including cognitive-behavioral therapy, mindfulness-based interventions, neurofeedback, Neuro-Linguistic Programming, clinical hypnosis, exercise, yoga, music therapy, and working memory exercises, aim to modify the function and structure of the brain to improve cognitive function, self-regulation, and overall quality of life in individuals with ADHD. Additionally, virtual reality has shown promise as a potential tool for improving attentional control and reducing ADHD symptoms. This literature review provides an overview of the effectiveness of brain rewiring techniques, including NLP and clinical hypnosis, as well as exercise, yoga, music therapy, and working memory exercises for ADHD, and the potential utility of virtual reality for treating ADHD.

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Author Biographies

Vana Gkora

Net Media Lab Mind - Brain R&D ΙΙΤ - N.C.S.R. "Demokritos" , Athens, Greece.

Anna Maria Driga

Net Media Lab Mind - Brain R&D ΙΙΤ - N.C.S.R. "Demokritos" , Athens, Greece.

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Drigas, A., & Kontopoulou, M. T. L. (2016). ICTs based Physics Learning. International Journal of Engineering Pedagogy (iJEP), 6(3), 53-59. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijep.v6i3. 53-59 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3991/ijep.v6i3.5899

Pappas, M., Eleftheria Demertzi, Yannis Papagerasimou, Lefteris Koukianakis, Nikitas Voukelatos, and Drigas, A. S., 2019. Cognitive Based E-Learning Design for Older Adults. Social Sciences 8, 1 (Jan. 2019), 6. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci801000 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci8010006

Drigas, A. S., Lefteris Koukianakis 2009: Government online: An e-government platform to improve public administration operations and services delivery to the citizen. WSKS (1), volume 5736 de Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 523–532. Springer, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04754-1_53

Theodorou, P.; Drigas, A. 2017, ICTs and Music in Generic Learning Disabilities. Int. J. Emerg. Technol. Learn. 12(4), 101–110 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v12i04.6588

Pappas, M.A., & Drigas, A.S. (2015). ICT based screening tools and etiology of dyscalculia. International Journal of Engineering Pedagogy, (5)3, 61-66. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3991/ijep.v5i3.4735

Drigas, A., & Kostas, I. (2014). On Line and other ICTs Applications for teaching math in Special Education. International Journal of Recent Contributions from Engineering, Science & IT (iJES), 2(4), pp-46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijes.v2i4.4204 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3991/ijes.v2i4.4204

Alexopoulou, A, Batsou, A, Drigas, A. (2019). Resilience and academic underachievement in gifted students: causes, consequences and strategic methods of prevention and intervention. International Journal of Online and Biomedical Engineering (iJOE), vol. 15, no. 14, pp. 78. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v15i14.11251

Drigas, A. & Ioannidou, R. E. (2013). Special education and ICT's. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning 8(2), 41– 47. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v8i2.2514

Drigas, A., & Papanastasiou, G. (2014). Interactive White Boards in Preschool and Primary Education. International Journal of Online and Biomedical Engineering (iJOE), 10(4), 46–51. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v10i4.3754 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v10i4.3754

Drigas, A. S. and Politi-Georgousi, S. (2019). Icts as a distinct detection approach for dyslexia screening: A contemporary view. International Journal of Online and Biomedical Engineering (iJOE), 15(13):46–60. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v15i13.11011

Lizeta N. Bakola, Nikolaos D. Rizos, Drigas, A. S., 2019 “ICTs for Emotional and Social Skills Development for Children with ADHD and ASD Co-existence” International Int. J. Emerg. Technol. Learn., 14(5), 122-131. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v14i05.9430

Kontostavlou, E.Z., & Drigas, A.S. (2019). The Use of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) in Gifted Students. International Journal of Recent Contributions from Engineering, Science and IT, 7(2), 60-67. doi:10.3991/ijes.v7i2.10815 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3991/ijes.v7i2.10815

Drigas, A. S., and Vlachou J. A., 2016. “Information and communication technologies (ICTs) and autistic spectrum disorders (ASD),” Int. J. Recent Contrib. Eng. Sci. IT (iJES), vol. 4, no. 1, p. 4, https://doi.org/10.3991/ijes.v4i1.5352 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3991/ijes.v4i1.5352

Drigas, A. S., Koukianakis, L, Papagerasimou, Y. (2006) “An elearning environment for nontraditional students with sight disabilities.”, Frontiers in Education Conference, 36th Annual. IEEE, p. 23-27. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/FIE.2006.322633

Drigas A., and Koukianakis L. 2006 An open distance learning e-system to support SMEs e-enterprising. In proceeding of 5th WSEAS Internationalconference on Artificial intelligence, knowledge engineering, data bases (AIKED 2006). Spain

Drigas A, Petrova A 2014 ICTs in speech and language therapy International Journal of Engineering Pedagogy (iJEP) 4 (1), 49-54 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3991/ijep.v4i1.3280

Bravou V, Oikonomidou D, Drigas A, 2022 Applications of Virtual Reality for Autism Inclusion. A review Retos 45, 779-785 DOI: https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v45i0.92078

Chaidi I, Drigas A, 2022 "Parents' views Questionnaire for the education of emotions in Autism Spectrum Disorder" in a Greek context and the role of ICTs Technium Social Sciences Journal 33, 73-91 DOI: https://doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v33i1.6878

Bravou V, Drigas A, 2019 A contemporary view on online and web tools for students with sensory & learning disabilities iJOE 15(12) 97 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v15i12.10833

Xanthopoulou M, Kokalia G, Drigas A, 2019, Applications for Children with Autism in Preschool and Primary Education. Int. J. Recent Contributions Eng. Sci. IT 7 (2), 4-16 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3991/ijes.v7i2.10335

Chaidi I, Drigas A, C Karagiannidis 2021 ICT in special education Technium Soc. Sci. J. 23, 187 DOI: https://doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v23i1.4277

Vrettaros, J., Tagoulis, A., Giannopoulou, N., & Drigas, A. (2009). An empirical study on the use of Web 2.0 by Greek adult instructors in educational procedures. World Summit on Knowledge System (WSKS), 49, 164-170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04757-2_18 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04757-2_18

Chaidi E, Kefalis C, Papagerasimou Y, Drigas, 2021, Educational robotics in Primary Education. A case in Greece, Research, Society and Development 10 (9), e17110916371-e17110916371 DOI: https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i9.16371

Drigas, A., Dourou, A. (2013). A Review on ICTs, E-Learning and Artificial Intelligence for Dyslexic's Assistance. iJet, 8(4), 63-67. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v8i4.2980

Anagnostopoulou, P., Alexandropoulou, V., Lorentzou, G., Lykothanasi, A., Ntaountaki, P., & Drigas, A. (2020). Artificial intelligence in autism assessment. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning, 15(6), 95-107. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v15i06.11231 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v15i06.11231

Pappas, M., & Drigas, A. (2016). Incorporation of artificial intelligence tutoring techniques in mathematics. International Journal of Engineering Pedagogy, 6(4), 12–16. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijep.v6i4.6063 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3991/ijep.v6i4.6063

Lytra N, Drigas A 2021 STEAM education-metacognition–Specific Learning Disabilities Scientific Electronic Archives 14 (10) DOI: https://doi.org/10.36560/141020211442

Mitsea E, Lytra N, A Akrivopoulou, A Drigas 2020 Metacognition, Mindfulness and Robots for Autism Inclusion. Int. J. Recent Contributions Eng. Sci. IT 8 (2), 4-20 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3991/ijes.v8i2.14213

Stavridis S, D Papageorgiou, Z Doulgeri 2017 Dynamical system based robotic motion generation with obstacle avoidance, IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters 2 (2), 712-718 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/LRA.2017.2651172

Kastritsi T, D Papageorgiou, I Sarantopoulos, S Stavridis, Z Doulgeri, 2019 Guaranteed active constraints enforcement on point cloud-approximated regions for surgical applications 2019 International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA), 8346-8352 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ICRA.2019.8793953

Stavridis S, Z Doulgeri 2018 Bimanual assembly of two parts with relative motion generation and task related optimization 2018 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems … DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/IROS.2018.8593928

Stavridis S, P Falco, Z Doulgeri 2020 Pick-and-place in dynamic environments with a mobile dual-arm robot equipped with distributed distance sensors IEEE-RAS 20th International Conference on Humanoid Robots (Humanoids)

Papageorgiou D, S Stavridis, C Papakonstantinou, Z Doulgeri 2021Task geometry aware assistance for kinesthetic teaching of redundant robots IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems … DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/IROS51168.2021.9636209

Kastritsi T, I Sarantopoulos, S Stavridis, D Papageorgiou, Z Doulgeri Manipulation of a Whole Surgical Tool Within Safe Regions Utilizing Barrier Artificial Potentials Mediterranean Conference on Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing …

Stavridis S, D Papageorgiou, L Droukas, Z Doulgeri 2022 Bimanual crop manipulation for human-inspired robotic harvesting arXiv preprint arXiv:2209.06074

Chaidi I, Drigas A 2022 Digital games & special education Technium Social Sciences Journal 34, 214-236 DOI: https://doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v34i1.7054

Doulou A, Drigas A 2022 Electronic, VR & Augmented Reality Games for Intervention in ADHD Technium Social Sciences Journal, 28, 159. DOI: https://doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v28i1.5728

Kokkalia, G., Drigas, A., & Economou, A. (2016). The role of games in special preschool education. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET), 11(12), 30-35. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v11i12.5945

Kefalis C, Kontostavlou EZ, Drigas A, 2020 The Effects of Video Games in Memory and Attention. Int. J. Eng. Pedagog. 10 (1), 51-61 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3991/ijep.v10i1.11290

Drigas, A., & Mitsea, E. (2020). The 8 Pillars of Metacognition. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET), 15(21), 162-178. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet. v15i21.14907 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v15i21.14907

Drigas, A. S., and M. Pappas, 2017. “The Consciousness-Intelligence-Knowledge Pyramid: An 8x8 Layer Model,” International Journal of Recent Contributions from Engineering, Science & IT (iJES), vol. 5, no.3, pp 14-25, https://doi.org/10.3991/ijes.v5i3.7680 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3991/ijes.v5i3.7680

Drigas, A., & Mitsea, E. (2021). 8 Pillars X 8 Layers Model of Metacognition: Educational Strategies, Exercises &Trainings. International Journal of Online & Biomedical Engineering, 17(8). https://doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v17i08.23563 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v17i08.23563

Drigas, A., & Mitsea, E. (2020). The Triangle of Spiritual Intelligence, Metacognition and Consciousness. International Journal of Recent Contributions from Engineering, Science & IT (iJES), 8(1), 4-23. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijes.v8i1.12503 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3991/ijes.v8i1.12503

Pappas M, Drigas A. 2019; Computerized Training for Neuroplasticity and Cognitive Improvement. International Journal of Engineering Pedagogy.9(4):50-62 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3991/ijep.v9i4.10285

Papoutsi, C. and Drigas, A. (2017) Empathy and Mobile Applications. International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies 11(3). 57. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v11i3.6385 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v11i3.6385

Papoutsi, C. & Drigas, A. (2016). Games for Empathy for Social Impact. International Journal of Engineering Pedagogy 6(4), 36-40. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3991/ijep.v6i4.6064

Karyotaki, M., & Drigas, A. (2015). Online and other ICT Applications for Cognitive Training and Assessment. International Journal of Online and Biomedical Engineering. 11(2), 36-42. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v11i2.4360

Papoutsi, C., Drigas, A., & Skianis, C. (2019). Emotional intelligence as an important asset for HR in organizations: Attitudes and working variables. International Journal of Advanced Corporate Learning, 12(2), 21–35. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijac.v12i2.9620 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3991/ijac.v12i2.9620

Chaidi I. Drigas, A. S., 2020. “Autism, Expression, and Understanding of Emotions: Literature Review,” Int. J. Online Biomed. Eng., vol. 16, no. 02, pp. 94–111, https://doi.org/ 10.3991/ijoe.v16i02.11991 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v16i02.11991

Drigas, A. S., & Karyotaki, M. (2019). A Layered Model of Human Consciousness. International Journal of Recent Contributions from Engineering, Science & IT (iJES), 7(3), 41- 50. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijes.v7i3.11117 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3991/ijes.v7i3.11117

Drigas, A. S., Karyotaki, M., & Skianis, C. (2018). An Integrated Approach to Neuro-development, Neuroplasticity and Cognitive Improvement. International Journal of Recent Contributions from Engineering, Science & IT (iJES), 6(3), 4-18. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3991/ijes.v6i3.9034

Karyotaki M. and Drigas, A. S., 2016. “Latest trends in problem solving assessment,” International Journal of Recent contributions from Engineering, Science & IT (iJES), vol. 4, no. 2, 4-10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3991/ijes.v4i2.5800

Mitsea E., Drigas, A. S., and Mantas P., 2021. Soft Skills & Metacognition as Inclusion Amplifiers in the 21st Century,” Int. J. Online Biomed. Eng. IJOE, vol. 17, no. 04, Art. no. 04, https://doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v17i04.20567 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v17i04.20567

Angelopoulou, E. Drigas, A. (2021). Working Memory, Attention and their Relationship: A theoretical Overview. Research. Society and Development, 10(5), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i5.15288 DOI: https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i5.15288

Tourimpampa, A., Drigas, A., Economou, A., & Roussos, P. (2018). Perception and text comprehension. It’sa matter of perception! International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET). 13(7) DOI: https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v13i07.7909

Drigas A, Mitsea E 2020 A metacognition based 8 pillars mindfulness model and training strategies. International Journal of Recent Contributions from Engineering, Science & IT 8(4), 4-17. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3991/ijes.v8i4.17419

Papoutsi C, Drigas A, C Skianis 2021 Virtual and augmented reality for developing emotional intelligence skills Int. J. Recent Contrib. Eng. Sci. IT (IJES) 9 (3), 35-53 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3991/ijes.v9i3.23939

Kapsi S, Katsantoni S, Drigas A 2020 The Role of Sleep and Impact on Brain and Learning. Int. J. Recent Contributions Eng. Sci. IT 8 (3), 59-68 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3991/ijes.v8i3.17099

Drigas A, Mitsea E, Skianis C 2021 The Role of Clinical Hypnosis and VR in Special Education International Journal of Recent Contributions from Engineering Science & IT 9(4), 4-17. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3991/ijes.v9i4.26147

V Galitskaya, A Drigas 2021 The importance of working memory in children with Dyscalculia and Ageometria Scientific Electronic Archives 14 (10) DOI: https://doi.org/10.36560/141020211449

Chaidi I, Drigas A 2020 Parents' Involvement in the Education of their Children with Autism: Related Research and its Results International Journal Of Emerging Technologies In Learning (Ijet) 15 (14), 194-203. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v15i14.12509

Drigas A, Mitsea E 2021 Neuro-Linguistic Programming & VR via the 8 Pillars of Metacognition X 8 Layers of Consciousness X 8 Intelligences Technium Soc. Sci. J. 26, 159 DOI: https://doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v26i1.5273

Drigas A, Mitsea E 2022 Conscious Breathing: a Powerful Tool for Physical & Neuropsychological Regulation. The role of Mobile Apps Technium Social Sciences Journal 28, 135-158 DOI: https://doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v28i1.5922

Drigas A, Mitsea E, C Skianis 2022 Clinical Hypnosis & VR, Subconscious Restructuring-Brain Rewiring & the Entanglement with the 8 Pillars of Metacognition X 8 Layers of Consciousness X 8 Intelligences. International Journal of Online & Biomedical Engineering 18 (1) DOI: https://doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v18i01.26859

Drigas A, Karyotaki M 2019 Attention and its Role: Theories and Models. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning 14 (12), 169-182 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v14i12.10185

Drigas A, Karyotaki M 2019 Executive Functioning and Problem Solving: A Bidirectional Relation. International Journal of Engineering Pedagogy (iJEP) 9 (3) DOI: https://doi.org/10.3991/ijep.v9i3.10186

Bamicha V, Drigas A 2022 ToM & ASD: The interconnection of Theory of Mind with the social-emotional, cognitive development of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. The use of ICTs as an alternative … Technium Social Sciences Journal 33, 42-72 DOI: https://doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v33i1.6845

Drigas A, Mitsea E, C Skianis 2022 Neuro-Linguistic Programming, Positive Psychology & VR in Special Education. Scientific Electronic Archives 15 (1) DOI: https://doi.org/10.36560/15120221497

Drigas A, Mitsea E, Skianis C. 2022 Virtual Reality and Metacognition Training Techniques for Learning Disabilities SUSTAINABILITY 14(16), 10170 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su141610170

Drigas A,. Sideraki A. 2021 Emotional Intelligence in Autism Technium Soc. Sci. J. 26, 80 DOI: https://doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v26i1.5178

Drigas A, Mitsea E, Skianis C.. 2022 Subliminal Training Techniques for Cognitive, Emotional and Behavioural Balance. The role of Εmerging Technologies Technium Social Sciences Journal 33, 164-186 DOI: https://doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v33i1.6881

Bakola L, Drigas A, 2020 Technological development process of emotional Intelligence as a therapeutic recovery implement in children with ADHD and ASD comorbidity. . International Journal of Online & Biomedical Engineering, 16(3), 75-85 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v16i03.12877

Drigas A, Bakola L, 2021The 8x8 Layer Model Consciousness-Intelligence-Knowledge Pyramid, and the Platonic Perspectives International Journal of Recent Contributions from Engineering, Science & IT (iJES) 9(2) 57-72 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3991/ijes.v9i2.22497

Bamicha V, Drigas A, 2022 The Evolutionary Course of Theory of Mind - Factors that facilitate or inhibit its operation & the role of ICTs Technium Social Sciences Journal 30, 138-158 DOI: https://doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v30i1.6220

Karyotaki M, Bakola L, Drigas A, Skianis C, 2022 Women’s Leadership via Digital Technology and Entrepreneurship in business and society Technium Social Sciences Journal. 28(1), 246–252. DOI: https://doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v28i1.5907

Mitsea E, Drigas A,, Skianis C, 2022 Breathing, Attention & Consciousness in Sync: The role of Breathing Training, Metacognition & Virtual Reality Technium Social Sciences Journal 29, 79-97 DOI: https://doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v29i1.6145

Drigas A, Papoutsi C, 2021,Nine Layer Pyramid Model Questionnaire for Emotional Intelligence, International Journal of Online & Biomedical Engineering 17 (7) DOI: https://doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v17i07.22765

Drigas A, Papoutsi C, Skianis, 2021, Metacognitive and Metaemotional Training Strategies through the Nine-layer Pyramid Model of Emotional Intelligence, International Journal of Recent Contributions from Engineering, Science & IT (iJES) 9.4 58-76 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3991/ijes.v9i4.26189

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05/21/2023

How to Cite

Gkora, V., & Driga, A. M. (2023). VIRTUAL REALITY, DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES AND BRAIN REWIRING TECHNIQUES FOR INTERVENTION IN ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER (ADHD). Journal Health and Technology - JHT, 2(2), e2237. https://doi.org/10.47820/jht.v2i2.37